The Business Master (3rd Edition)

home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search

/ The Business Master (3rd Edition) / The Business Master (3rd Edition).iso / files / utilenus / slic / tswinstr.doc < prev next >

Wrap

Text File | 1988-07-26 | 125KB | 2,825 lines

╔════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ THANK YOU !! - for using "The SLIC Works" by: K. S. Software ║ ║ P. O. Box 37093 ║ ║ Omaha, NE 68137 ║ ║ ║ ║ If you find this program useful then please, become a registered user by ║ ║ sending a support fee of $45.00, or whatever you may be able to afford ║ ║ the above address. If you send at least a fee of $25.00 you will receive a ║ ║ a printed manual and the latest version of the "The SLIC Works" along with ║ ║ our "SUMDOS" program. "SUMDOS" is a memory resident utility program for ║ ║ the IBM-PC/XT/AT and compatibles that includes all the following features: ║ ║ ║ ║ Calculator, Note Pad, Communications, Disk Utilities, Read text Files, ║ ║ Phone Dialer, Screen Saver, ASCII Table, Monthly Calendar and a Write ║ ║ Screen function that allows you to Write Screens to Disk! ║ ║ ║ ║ Permission is granted to reproduce this program for nonprofit purposes. ║ ║ Copies may be distributed to individuals, User Groups and posted on BBS's. ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ Please - do not remove this notice from the documentation. ║ ║ ║ ║ USING THIS PROGRAM WITHOUT PAYING FOR IT IS A VIOLATION OF LAW!!!!!!!! ║ ╚════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ The SLIC Works The SLIC Works The SLIC Works Spread Sheet Letter Writer Info Filer Communications ***** Important Notice ***** This Software and instructions are protected by U.S. Copyright Law title 17 USC. Unauthorized reproduction by any means or sales of unauthorized copies may result in imprisonment of up to one year and fines of up to $10,000.00 (title 17 USC 506). Copyright infringers may also be subject to substantial civil liability. K.S. Software it's programmers and representatives make no warranties, either express or implied with respect to this manual or the software accompanying it, except that damaged or defective diskettes may be returned and exchanged if within 10 days of purchase. In no event shall K. S. Software be liable for any damages either directly or indirectly for incidental or consequential damages as a result of any defect or misuse of this software or information accompanying it. The total responsibility for use and performance of this software rests solely with the purchaser or user. This entire software package is sold as is. ***** Important Notice ***** Copyright 1985 K. S. Software P.O. Box 37093 Omaha, Nebraska 68137 1 The SLIC Works The SLIC Works 2 The SLIC Works The SLIC Works The SLIC Works Table of Contents Introduction....................................5 Spread Sheet...................................11 Letter Writer (Word Processor).................29 Info Filer.....................................43 Communications.................................59 Appendix.......................................61 Copyright 1985 K. S. Software P.O. Box 37093 Omaha, Nebraska 68137 3 The SLIC Works The SLIC Works 4 Introduction Introduction INTRODUCTION The SLIC Works The "SLIC" Works is an integrated program designed especially for persons that desire quick and easy Word Processing with Mail List Merging, Information Management and the ability to do Calculations and create Bar charts on a Electronic Spread Sheet. Data stored in the Info Filer and Spread Sheet may be merged with the Word Processor to create detailed reports, memos and letters. The "SLIC" Works has all the power necessary for most personal computer users! You will find the programs easy to use and easy to learn. Therefore, the instruction manual is short compared to most. A lengthy manual is also not required since there are examples on disk to help you learn most every program function. There's also on screen prompts or reminders for most all functions used in each sub-program. There are on line "Help Screens" available in each sub-program except the Communication program. If you carefully read and follow the instructions for each sub program, examine the sample files provided and review the help files you should have no difficulties using The SLIC Works. The "SLIC" Works program diskette contains the following files, "TSW.COM", which is the programs' Main Menu program, and "TSWWP.CHN", "TSWDB.CHN", "TSWSS.CHN", "TSWCOM.CHN" which are the four sub-programs, plus three help files with the extension of "HLP", and DBFILE.FMT which is a sample input screen format for the Info Filer. This diskette also contains sample files with the extension of either "TXT" or "CLC" for the word processor and spread sheet. 5 Introduction Introduction If a file named "READ.ME" is present on the diskette you should TYPE the file to the screen or copy it to your printer. To TYPE the file to the screen, place the diskette in the A: drive and enter "TYPE READ.ME" and press <RETURN>. To Copy the file to the printer place the diskette in drive A: and enter "COPY A:READ.ME PRN:" and press <RETURN>. The "SLIC" Works sub-programs are loaded into the computer from the Main Menu by merely pressing one alphabetic key. Sub-programs can not be loaded and run directly. You must use the Main Menu to select a sub-program. When you are completed using a sub-program and quit from it you are automatically returned to the Main Menu. You may then easily select another program or quit to the system. When you are in a sub-program you are in either a "Enter Data" mode where you are entering information or in a "Select" mode where you make choices from a menu or prompt. A prompt is a question on the screen that asks for additional information or directions about what you want the program to do. Help is almost always just a keystroke or two away from where ever you are in the program. If you forget a command or need an example you can get on-screen help. The help screens are text files and may be edited by you if you want to change them. Logical keys on the keyboard are used where ever possible for control of the program. For example to delete a character you merely press the "Del" key, to move up a line in text you use the "Up Arrow" key, to go to the end of a line you use the "End" key. Each sub-program uses similar commands. Thus, once you learn commands for one you also learn for the others. 6 Introduction Introduction Other commands may involve the use of the Control Key (Ctrl) and a letter key. For example pressing "Ctrl-Y" is the command to Yank out a line or part of a line of text in the word processor. When ever a control key combination is used you must press the control key first and while holding it down also press the letter key. You use the control key in the same fashion as using the shift key on a typewriter or keyboard. Most characters used with the control key correspond to the function or command desired just as "Y" is to Yank it out "P" is to Put it back. Thus, "Ctrl-P" would Put back what ever was Yanked out by "Ctrl-Y"! PLEASE - DO NOT MAKE COPIES FOR OTHER USERS The program diskette IS NOT copy protected so you may make backup copies using your operating system diskcopy program or COPY command. The "SLIC" Works program package is priced far below similar software products and is easily affordable by anyone interested in having a copy. If you want to be in the software distribution business write us about a dealership agreement. GETTING STARTED To use The "SLIC" Works program you must have: IBM-PC, XT, AT or Compatible with MS-DOS 2.0, 2.1, 3.0 256K Minimum Random Access Memory (more recommended) 2 360K disk drives OR 1 disk drive and a Hard drive. Serial Port and Modem required for Communications Video Monitor Printer The "SLIC" Works Instruction Manual Several Formated diskettes (for Backup and Data Storage) 7 Introduction Introduction CREATING a WORKING COPY To begin "BOOT" your DOS diskette (MS-DOS or PC-DOS) and follow the steps listed below. NOTE: Do not type the quote marks. <return> means to press the return key. Systems with TWO Disk Drives 1. With your DOS diskette in drive A: type: "Format B:/S" <return> 2. When the drive stops remove the DOS diskette and insert a blank diskette in to drive "B:" and press the return key. 3. When the format process is complete and the system transferred to the new diskette you will be prompted on the screen to format another - Press letter "N" 4. Insert your TSW diskette in to drive "A:" and type "copy A:*.* B:" and press return. BE SURE THE ORIGINAL TSW DISKETTE HAS A WRITE PROTECT TAB COVERING THE NOTCH ON THE DISKETTE. 5. When the copy process is completed the A: prompt will appear. Remove the Original TSW diskette and place it in a safe place. Systems with Hard Disk Drive Important: DO NOT FORMAT your hard disk drive! 1. Log on to the Hard Disk Drive by typing "C:" and pressing return. If your Hard Drive is assigned another letter then substitute that letter for "C". 8 Introduction Introduction 2. Make a new sub directory by typing "MD\TSW" and press return. Next, log on to the new directory by typing "CD\TSW" and press the return key. If you want your directory to have a name other than "TSW" then substitute that name for TSW. If you want The "SLIC" Works placed in a directory that you have already created then log on to that directory. 3. Insert your TSW diskette in the A: drive and type "copy A:*.*" and press return. BE SURE THE ORIGINAL TSW DISKETTE HAS A WRITE PROTECT TAB COVERING THE NOTCH ON THE DISKETTE. Loading and Running The "SLIC" Works If you have copied your TSW program properly you need only place the new copy in drive A: and with the system prompt "A>" on the screen, enter "TSW" and press return. If using a hard drive then the system prompt for the hard drive should be on your screen and you should be logged on the directory containing The "SLIC" Works. When The "SLIC" Works Main Menu program is loaded the screen will prompt you to select a sub-program. If you have not been able to get the program up and running you should review the steps above and try again, try the program on another computer or contact your dealer. IMPORTANT NOTE: It is ALWAYS very important to exit or quit a program properly. Simply turning off the computer in the middle of a program or sub-program may cause you to loose data. Even data that may have been written to diskette may be lost if the file it was written to has not yet been closed by the program. Therefore, to insure against lost information exit or quit properly by always returning to The "SLIC" Works Main Menu and then exiting to the system! Also, do not 9 Introduction Introduction forget to save your files in the word processor and spread sheet. Instructions for saving are contained later on in the manual. SELECTING A SUB-PROGRAM Select sub-programs from The "SLIC" Works Main Menu by pressing the first character of the sub-program name. For example: Press letter "W" for the Word Processor program. (To exit to the operating system, you would press letter "Q".) The instruction manual will guide you through each sub-program with examples of the functions and commands. The sub-programs are easy to use, so try them all. Decide which program you want to select and press the letter for that program. Next, go to the section of the manual that has the instructions for the selected program and carefully read and follow the instructions. You should read the appendix for a quick reference to the commands and functions of all the programs. 10 Spread Sheet Spread Sheet SPREAD SHEET With the Main Menu on the screen press letter "S" for the Spread Sheet sub-program. The screen will change and display the program. The Spread Sheet is an electronic work sheet made up of a matrix of 6,630 cells (255 rows x 26 columns). Each cell/column is pre set at 11 characters wide. You may change the width of any column or all columns by using the format function. The Spread Sheet is similar to a paper work sheet with rows and columns in which you enter words, sentences, numbers or formulas. The formulas may reference other cells of the work sheet making it easy to do complex calculations. The matrix of cells is indicated by "boxes" on the screen. As data is typed in to a box, the box disappears and the data, or result of a formula, is shown. The boxes are provided to help you find reference to other cell locations. You may turn the background boxes off or on by pressing "Ctrl-G". Hold the "Ctrl" key down and then press the "G" key. Although the number of cells in the spread sheet are less than some of the extremely large spread sheet programs available, you may link sheets together, taking a value or results from other sheets and using them in a currently loaded sheet. In theory you could link 6,630 sheets, one for each cell of the current sheet. If each linked sheet used all its' cells you would have a maximum total of almost 44 million cells of associated data! Regardless, each cell, when used, consumes approximately 46 bytes of random access memory. So if all 6,630 cells in a given sheet were used you 11 Spread Sheet Spread Sheet would have taken up almost 305,000 bytes of available memory. That amount, (305,000) plus the space used by the program, operating system, and any other memory resident utility programs, leaves very little memory available for larger spread sheets! The purpose of linking is best explained by example. You might create a sheet for each of the 12 months listing expenses for that month with a total for the amount spent. You could then create another sheet, 13 in all, with a summary of the years expenses. When the summary sheet is loaded it would then pull in the totals from all the other sheets and display all the monthly totals allowing you to compute the annual expense total. The spread sheet is many times more powerful than a pocket calculator and will be useful for creating financial statements or reports involving calculations, that may be printed or merged into documents created with the Word Processor. You may create a "work sheet" and save it to disk for future use. You can reload the "work sheet", make changes and do many quick "what if" types of calculations. Using The Spread Sheet Besides the ability to link various sheets together and do many types of calculations, you may draw both vertical and horizontal bar graph charts. The charts may then be merged to a document, edited and printed with the Word Processor or printed directly from the spread sheet. NOTE: If your printer is not compatible with the IBM character set then characters other than the graphics characters shown on the screen will be printed on your printer. 12 Spread Sheet Spread Sheet The Cells, small boxes on the screen, are denoted A1 through Z255. The bottom of the screen indicates cell columns "A" through "Z" and the left side of the screen shows the line or row numbers, 20 lines at a time, . The bottom left side of the screen displays at which cell coordinate the cursor is located. For example: "A1" indicates you are at cell column A row number 1. A rectangle box of inverse blanks on the screen also indicates the location of the cursor on the screen. You use most of the same cursor control commands as the Word Processor (refer to the Appendix section for a complete list of commands). If the cell, where the cursor is located, contains data (text or numeric) the contents of that cell are inverse or appear differently than other text or data on the screen. All other blank cells will appear as empty boxes. You may turn off and on the blank box illustrations by pressing "Control G". If you have the Spread Sheet loaded, press "Ctrl-G" now and the boxes will disappear. Press "Ctrl-G" again and the boxes reappear. When the program is first loaded the cursor will be located at cell A1 and you will be in the "Ready to Enter Mode". READY means you may begin entering text, numbers and formulas OR you may type the "/" (slash) key and call up a special command and function menu. 13 Spread Sheet Spread Sheet When you are entering data and you want to execute a command or function it will be necessary for you to press either the <return> key, <down arrow> or <up arrow> key to "enter" the data and then press the '/' slash key for the function menu. You may not call the function menu while you are in the process of entering data. Each time you are in the Ready to Enter Mode AND THE CURRENT CELL IS BLANK the following message is at the bottom of the screen: "Enter Text, Numerics, Formula or PRESS "/" and Function Letter" The program will be in one of three modes: 1. Ready to Enter Data OR Call the Function Menu. 2. Entering Data. 3. Executing a Function from the Function Menu. The Command and Function Menu The Function Menu is displayed by pressing the "/" (slash) key (remember, if you are in the middle of entering text it is necessary to press either return, the up arrow or down arrow key before pressing "/"). 14 Spread Sheet Spread Sheet The Functions available from the Function Menu are: B - Blank (erase) current cell. C - Copy a cell or range of cells to another location. D - Delete the row or column at cursor location. E - Edit a cell and or delete formula. F - Format the sheet, column, row to decimals or width. G - Go directly to any cell location. H - Help is provided on screen. I - Insert a blank row or column at cursor location. L - Load prior sheet in to the program. M - Mode switch for automatic recalculation. Q - Quit and return to The "SLIC" Works Main Menu. R - Recalculate the work sheet manually. S - Save current sheet to data file. P - Print sheet to a printer or to a disk text file. V - View the disk directory. U - Utility Menu for directories and files. Z - Zaps the work sheet clearing it of all data. Pressing "/" twice restores the screen. Commands and Functions are executed by pressing the slash "/" key followed by the letter indicated for the function and then, if applicable, answer prompts. EXCEPTIONS: There are four commands or functions that are not called by pressing the slash key. These exceptions may be called when in the READY mode. They are: 1. Pressing "Ctrl-G" to turn on or off the background display lines. 2. Copying a cells contents (text or formula) into the copy buffer by pressing "Ctrl-Y". Use "/C" copy command for multiple cells. 15 Spread Sheet Spread Sheet 3. Coping the contents of the copy buffer to a cell by pressing "Ctrl-P". Also copies contents that were deleted with the Esc key during the edit mode. 4. Linking Spread Sheets is the fourth. Linking sheets is done by pressing "Ctrl-L". Instructions for linking are contained further on in the manual. Functions, Formula and Expression Operators You may reference other cells within a formula and create complex calculations. To begin entering a formula press either the equals key "=" or a left parentheses "(" or simply enter a number. You are limited to a maximum of 40 characters within any formula. If your formula requires more than 40 characters you must separate the formula into parts and use more than one cell. You can also save space by not placing any blank spaces within your formulas. The following symbols are used for the operator indicated: Symbol Operation Example of Use + for addition (A1 + A2) or (100 + 10) - for subtraction (A1 - A2) or (100 - 10) * for multiplication (A1 * A2) or (100 * 10) / for division (A1 / A2) or (100 / 10) ^ for exponentiation (A1 ^ A2) or (100 ^ 10)} 16 Spread Sheet Spread Sheet Built In - Functions The following built in functions are also available: ABS(cell ref) - Returns the Absolute Value of the cell reference contained in the parentheses. AVG(cell ref : cell Ref) - Returns the average of the total of the cells referenced in the range delimited by the ":". Blank cells are ignored and will not affect the average. EXP(cell ref) - Returns 2.71828 to the power of the cell reference contained in parentheses. INT(cell ref) - Returns the Integer Value of the cell reference contained in the parentheses. LN(cell ref) - Returns the natural logarithm of the cell reference contained in parentheses. LOG(cell ref) - Results in the logarithm (base 10) of the cell reference contained in parentheses. SQRT(cell ref) - Finds the square root of the cell reference contained in the parentheses. SQR(cell ref) - Returns the square of the cell reference contained in the parentheses. 17 Spread Sheet Spread Sheet CHOOSE(cell ref, cell ref : cell ref) - Returns the value of the "nth" item within the range of the "cell reference : cell reference" list. The item (nth) number being the first cell reference following the word "CHOOSE(" . For example the first cell reference has a value of 10, then the value return will be the 10th cell referenced in the range delimited be the ":". If the "nth" item exceeds the range stated then a value of zero is returned. LOOKUP(cell ref, cell ref : cell ref) - Returns the value of the cell to the right of a referenced cell in a range. The referenced cell in the range is determined by the value of the first cell reference following the word "LOOKUP(". For example if the first cell reference has a value of 1000, then the LOOKUP function searches the range of cell references delimited by the ":" for a value equal to or less than the first referenced value of 1000. When that value (1000) is found then LOOKUP returns the value of the cell immediately to the right of the found cell. IMPORTANT NOTE: Both CHOOSE and LOOKUP may not be used within a formula. They must be used in separate cells. Then, that cell may be referenced within a formula. Load the example sheet named SAMPLE.CLC for examples of both CHOOSE and LOOKUP. 18 Spread Sheet Spread Sheet The following built-in functions do not have any specific name or character abbreviation such the previous functions. (cell ref : cell ref) - Returns the sum total the value of all the cells from the first cell referenced to the cell referenced following the colon. Example: (A4:A20) gives the sum total all cells in the range from cell A4 thru to A20 (cell ref < cell ref) - Returns the value of the lessor of the two cells referenced. (cell ref > cell ref) - Returns the value of the greater of the two cells referenced. Entering Data - Sample Work Sheet Press "/" for the command line followed by "L" to load a sheet. NOTE: Prior to loading a disk file you may view the disk directory by pressing "/VL" check the disk directory. Next enter File Name "SAMPLE.CLC and press return (the CLC is a file extension that indicates the file is a TSW Calc data file. The distinctive extension allows you to distinguish spread sheet work sheets, which are data files, from other files such as text, program or other types of data files). See the appendix for a list of the cursor control keys. Using the cursor controls move the cursor (the white box on the screen) to each cell that contains a number and stop and look at the contents. Notice that the status of each cell is indicated on the screen next to the coordinate displayed in the lower left side of the screen. 19 Spread Sheet Spread Sheet The cell status is either TEXT or a VALUE. The VALUE may be a number or the result of a formula. Do not enter any data at this time. Instead, use the cursor controls to move the cursor around the screen and view all the cells that contain data. When you come upon a value that references another cell, try to understand the relationship between them. Move the cursor to a cell referenced in a formula and enter a new number. The result of the formula will automatically change and the sheet is updated to reflect the changes. The sample sheet contains examples of all the operators and some of the built in functions that you may use. Move to all the cells containing a formula and then find the referenced cells. Move to Cell B5 and press "/IR" to insert a blank row. The sheet will automatically update again. Next press "/DR" to delete a row. Again the work sheet updates itself. IMPORTANT NOTE: When inserting and deleting ONLY formulas that follows the deleted or inserted row or column are automatically updated to reflect the change. If your work sheet contains any forward references to cells that precede the deleted or inserted items then you must check them to see that they are still valid. You should be careful in designing your work sheet, and if possible avoid using any forward or circular references. 20 Spread Sheet Spread Sheet Examine closely the LOOKUP and CHOOSE functions in the sample sheet. Do Not change the sample sheet. You may need it for future reference! The examples are provided so you could learn to use the spread sheet without having to read volumes of instructions to learn a procedure. When completed reviewing the SAMPLE work sheet press the "/" key followed by the "C" key to clear the sheet. Confirm your clear command by typing letter "Y". Creating a Work Sheet with Bar Charts If the work sheet is not clear type "/Z" to Zap and clear it. Next press "/L" and enter the name "GRAPH.CLC". This sheet is an example of the some the bar chart graphs you may create. The bar charts are simple and primitive and not designed to be a replacement for a good graphics program. However they will be useful for the user that needs an occasional bar chart for illustrations. Examine this sample graph sheet and then press "/Z" to clear the sheet and then create your own sheet. Place the cursor at cell B2 and enter "My first bar chart work sheet". Note that as the cell becomes full with characters the cursor automatically moves to the next cell. The maximum number of characters allowed in a text cell is 11. This is important to remember when you Edit a text cell, since you must delete a character before adding a new character to a FULL cell. However, when editing, you may press either Control-V or the <Ins> key to change to the overwrite mode and type over a character. 21 Spread Sheet Spread Sheet Next, move the cursor to cell B4 and press function key F6 six times. The function keys F6, F8, F10 each display a different type of graphic bar character. Move to cell C5 and press F8 five times. Finally move to cell D4 and press F10 four times. You just created a simple comparison bar chart. You can add labels to the chart and numbers along side to reflect the comparison in size or values. Move to cell B12 and press the F5 Key - Hold it down for a moment and it will cause a horizontal bar to move across the screen. Do it again at cells B13 and B14 using function keys F7 and F9 respectively. Use your imagination and you can be quite creative at displaying bar graphs. The bar charts can be printed to the printer or a disk text file which may be merged or loaded in the word processor. See the instructions for printing work sheets. Saving Work Sheets to Disk You may SAVE your file by typing "/" followed by pressing letter "S". You are then prompted to save file as: "NONAME" (if the file has not yet been named, or by the file name if it has been previously named). Give the file a name different from the names on the diskette directory unless you want to overwrite a prior file. Remember ".CLC" files are data files and may not be merged to the word processor. However they are text type files and may be edited by a word processor or editor. The CLC extension is automatically added to your file name when it is saved. 22 Spread Sheet Spread Sheet Printing Work Sheets You may PRINT the sheet to the printer by pressing "/P" and then "P" again followed by pressing return. IMPORTANT NOTE: PRINTING STARTS AT THE CURRENT CELL LOCATION. If you want to start printing at the top right corner you MUST move the cursor to cell A1 or to the cell you want to start printing from AND THEN press "/PP"<return>. When prompted with "Print A1(or other cell reference) thru ?", you may simply press return and print to the maximum coordinate that you have used, otherwise you can enter the bottom right coordinate of the portion of the sheet you want to print. For example you may enter "F22" and you will print cells A1 thru cells F22. Entering G50 would print all cells from A1 through G50. To quit printing after it's started simply press the ESC key. Pressing ESC aborts the printing and returns control to you. Printing Work Sheets to Disk When the printer is completed, press "/" and "P" followed by entering a file name such as "GRAPH.TXT" followed by pressing return. This will print the work sheet as a text file to disk. This TXT file may be merged to a document in the word processor program. NOTE: Printing work sheets to disk is not the same as saving the work sheets. Printing to disk creates a text file that may be used by other programs such as the Word Processor and Saving creates a data file with the ".CLC" extension that may be reloaded in to the spread sheet for future use. 23 Spread Sheet Spread Sheet Complex Calculations With the sheet cleared type "/" followed by "L" and load the file named "FVALUE.CLC". The Fvalue sheet will show you an example of the formulas and format to do more sophisticated calculations. Move the cursor to cells used and examine the contents. Place the cursors at cell "C13" and examine the formula for the future value. The formula is: The LUMP SUM Amount (cell D4), times a nested formula of "the interest rate (cell D6) divided by 100, plus 1", to the power of the years to accumulate or maturity (cell D8). A formula is nested within another formula by placing it in parentheses. This is required so the proper order of precedence takes place when the formula is evaluated and calculated. You may move the cursor to the "input cells" which are the cells referenced by the formula and change to numbers. Make a change by entering a different Lump Sum at cell D4. Notice that the change is immediately reflected in the result at cell C13. Much more complex formulas may be created but keep in mind that a maximum of 40 characters are allowed in each formula per cell. Automatic and Manual Recalculation The Automatic recalculation mode only goes through the sheets' matrix one time as it calculates cells. It may be turned on or off by pressing "/M". When the Automatic recalculation is off you must press "/R" to recalculate the sheet. While constructing a sheet it is wise to turn off the recalculation. Other wise, on large sheets, there will be a distinct pause after entering data as the sheet go through it's calculation steps. 24 Spread Sheet Spread Sheet It is possible to create a formula that references cells that contain formulas which have not yet been calculated and therefore the result will not be calculated properly UNLESS you manually recalculate the sheet more than once. If you use a forward cell reference and that forward cell contains a formula, then press the "/" key followed by the "R" key to manually recalculate the sheet again. You may press "/R" several times to be sure you are completing the steps necessary to be accurate. A large and complex work sheet will take longer to calculate than small and less complex sheets. Circular references, where a cell references itself or references a formula that further references that cell may also call for additional calculations. Beware of circular references because their very nature may provide wrong or deceptive results regardless of the number of times you recalculate! Remember, you do not need to turn off the Automatic recalculation Mode to use the manual recalculation command. However, since Automatic recalculation takes place after each entry, you will be able to save time entering data if the automatic recalculation is turned off until you complete creating a work sheet. Copying Cells A cell or range of cells may be copied from on location to another location on the sheet. The copy command is accessed by pressing the "/" slash key and then letter "C". You will the be prompted for the cell or range of cells that you want to copy. Respond by entering the first cell reference followed by a colon ":" (ie "A14:"). If you plan to copy a range of cells then follow the colon with the cell reference for the end of the range. For example to copy all cells from A14 through A24 you would enter "A14:A24" followed by pressing return. 25 Spread Sheet Spread Sheet If you are copying only one cell you would enter only the single cell reference followed by the colon and pressing return. You will then be prompted for where to copy to. Respond in the same fashion. Enter the cell reference for where to begin the placement of the copied cells, and then a colon followed by the ending cell reference. For example if you wanted to copy A14:A24 to the B column at row 14 through 24 you would enter B14:B24 followed by pressing return. After entering the copy from and to cell ranges you will prompted about whether the cell references contained in each cell to be copied is to be relative or not changed. Relative means relative to the location on the sheet. You will understand this better in the following example. Of course, no change means nothing will be changed. Even though the program will try to find what the relative cell reference should be, it may be possible to change a reference to something that it should not be. So, check your copied cells to be sure they are what you want them to be. Do the following step exactly as a learning experience to copying. Clear the sheet by typing "/Z". Place the cursor at cell A5 and enter the number 1 and press the "down arrow" key or "Ctrl-X". At cell A6 enter the following formula "(1+A5)" and then press the down arrow key or Ctrl-X. Press "/C" for the copy command. 26 Spread Sheet Spread Sheet At the copy from prompt respond by entering "A6:" and press return. NOTE: You are only copying a single cell. At the next prompt enter "A7:A20" and press return. In a moment you'll be prompted for whether or not the reference in the cell is relative or no change. Press letter "R" for relative. By pressing "R" you are telling the spread sheet to change the reference. You will be prompted for each cell that a cell is copied to. When the process is completed you will have a column of numbers from 1 to 15 in cells A5 to A20. Move the cursor to cell A5 and change the number 1 to number 100. All the cells below will change to reflect the change in the beginning number. Repeat these steps, only copy the cells A5 through A20 (ie "A5:A20") to the cell range of "C5:C20". Don't forget to mark the changes as relative. IMPORTANT NOTE: You may not copy a matrix of cells such a from A1:F20. Each column would have to be copied separately. You may not copy a columnar type range across to a range on a row or from a row to column. Formating Cells Pressing "/F" brings up the format prompt. The Format function allows you to format the cells for the number of decimals to display or the cell width. 27 Spread Sheet Spread Sheet To format the decimals press letter "D", followed by selecting whether you want to format a single cell, row, column or a global format. Press the appropriate letter for what you desire and then enter then number of decimals you want displayed. To format the column width press letter "C" followed by press the key letter for a global re-format, letter "G" or letter "C" for the column. Then enter the cell width followed by pressing return. The width may be from 2 to 22 cells. Linking Sheets Linking sheets is very easy to do. You may link data from other sheets to your current work sheet by pressing "Ctrl-L" while at the cell that you want to have linked. Press the "Ctrl" key and while it is pressed, also press the "L" key. (L is for Link.) After pressing "Ctrl-L" You will be prompted for the name of the sheet to be linked. And then prompted for the cell reference, ie "B12". Be sure you know the correct cell coordinate or you will get the wrong data! Also be aware the should you modify a linked sheet by inserting or deleting lines or other wise changing the linked cell from it's prior function that it will be necessary to relink and provide the new cell coordinate. Linked cells may not be edited and may only be changed by relinking. When completed Type "/" and "Q", to quit, and you will return to the TSW Main Menu. Do not forget to save your sheet to disk before you quit. Failure to save it means you loose it! 28 Word Processor Word Processor LETTER WRITER - WORD PROCESSOR With The "SLIC" Works Main Menu on the screen press letter "W" or "L" for the Word Processor sub-program. In a few seconds the screen will change and the Word Processor program appears with a prompt or menu at the bottom of the screen. You are prompted to: Create a Document, Revise a Document, read the Directory, Quit or use the Utilities. Pressing letter "Q" will cause another prompt to appear asking you if you are sure you want to quit. Pressing "D" will prompt you for which drive you want to read and then display on the screen the names of the files contained on the diskette in that drive. Pressing either letters "C" or "R" will cause a prompt to appear requesting you to type in the name of a file. If you press "R" to Revise a document and the file does not exist you are prompted whether you want to create that file anyway. If you made an error in your file name answer the prompt with a letter "N" and you will be given another chance to get it right. Pressing "U" brings on the utilities menu. You may change drives/directories, make directories, rename and erase files and list directories to the screen. See the utilities instructions in the appendix. Creating a Document Press letter "C" to Create a document. You will be prompted for a document name. Type in the name "MYLTR.TXT" and press return. The name will stand for "My Letter Text". The .TXT file extension will help you to identify the file as a text file and not a data file that may be used by another program. If you do not give a file name the extension .TXT then the program will automatically add it. If no extension is desired enter the name followed by a period. ie "MYLTR." 29 Word Processor Word Processor The prompt/menu line will change and you will need to give the program another direction command such as "E" to enter text. Entering Text Press letter "E" for Enter text. The prompt/menu line will change and a notice will appear on the bottom of the screen. You are now ready to start entering your document. To quit the Enter mode, you should press either the F10 key or the "Ctrl" (control) key and the "Z" key. "Ctrl-Z" must be pressed together beginning with the Ctrl key. Press "Ctrl-Z" or F10 now. The prior menu line reappears. Remember, F10 or Ctrl-Z are the Keys that you must press to quit your input (enter text mode) session and return to the command menu line. Before you start entering text press the "H" key for the help screen. The help screen lists a table of contents for the help file. You press the number of the item you want help with or press return to all the help files. For example it will show you all the command and control keys that you may use in the Word Processor program plus other helpful information. Many of the commands are available as single keys commands or are duplicated by Ctrl key combinations with letter keys just like the Ctrl-Z we used before. Take a moment to review the commands. You should try them as you proceed through this tutorial. You may also call the help screen while entering text by pressing the "ALT" key and the "F10" function key in the same manner as you would use the Ctrl key combinations. Press return to continue or press <ESC> to leave the help screen. With the Word Processors' primary command prompt on the screen press letter "E" to Enter text. The screen will change and the cursor is now at the upper left corner of the screen and you are ready to enter text. 30 Word Processor Word Processor Type a sentence on the keyboard such as "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog's back." Repeat typing the same sentence again. Notice that as you approach the end of the line the program automatically inserts a carriage return and line feed and moves the cursor down to the beginning of the next line. This is known as WORD WRAP since the words wrap around to the next line. You may turn WORD WRAP OFF and ON by typing "Ctrl-W". Pressing "Ctrl W" will cause a notice to be shown at the bottom of the screen indicating whether the wrap is on or off. Press "Ctrl-W" now and review the notices at the bottom of the screen. Press "Ctrl-W" again, if necessary, to return to the Wrap On mode. The bottom of the screen also shows you your file name, lines used, the line you are on, the screen column number where the cursor is located, whether you are in the insert or overwrite mode and a reminder to press "Ctrl-Z" or "F10" to quit and return to the prior menu. The INSERT/OVERWRITE mode is another important function in word processing. You always start in the insert mode. To change to the overwrite mode press the "Ins" key or the "Ctrl-V" combination. Next use the left arrow key (located on the numeric key pad) and move the cursor back several characters on the last word you typed. NOTE: If you press a cursor control key on the numeric key pad and a number shows upon the screen, it means you are in the NUM LOCK mode and you should press the Num Lock key once to change modes. Now, retype another word over the old word. You will "over write" the old with the new. 31 Word Processor Word Processor Press Ctrl-V or the "INS" key again to put the program back into the insert mode. Now when you type a character the character is inserted and the old characters move to make room for the new. Overwrite is useful for correcting small errors in your text. Moving About the Screen Moving the cursor is most important in word processing because it would be impossible to edit anything without this capability. You may move the cursor up, left, right, down, a page up, a page down, a word right, a word left, to end of a line and to the beginning of a line, to the top of the file or to the last page of the file. That's a lot of different moves! The logical keys to use are the dual purpose keys on the numeric key pad. Remember, if you press a cursor control key and a number shows upon the screen, it means you are in the Num Lock mode and you should press the Num Lock key once to change modes. The cursor control keys are: Cursor Control Logical or Control Key Desired Key Combination Move one line Up Up arrow Ctrl E Move one line Down Down arrow Ctrl X Move one character left Left arrow Ctrl S Move one character right Right arrow Ctrl D Move to end of line End key Ctrl F Move to start of line Home key Ctrl A Move Up page/screen Pg Up key Ctrl R Move Down page/screen Pg Dn key Ctrl C Move to word right Tab key Ctrl O Move to word left Shift Tab key Ctrl I Move to top of file F1 key Move to end of file F2 key 32 Word Processor Word Processor NOTE: The Tab key is the <double arrow> key located below the <ESC> key and next to the letter "Q" on the keyboard. To insert blank lines, and increase the lines used, press return while at the beginning or end of a line. Try each of the cursor control keys. Try both the logical keys and the control key combinations - just to test them. Remember, if you get a number when pressing a logical key press the Num Lock key to change from numbers to the logical cursor control commands. Deleting Characters and Lines The ability to delete and move text is also important. You may delete single characters, a line of text or a block of text up to 99 lines. You may backspace and delete the left character by pressing the backspace key (a left arrow key located on the top row of the keyboard next to the "+=" key or by pressing "Ctrl-H". To delete the character at the cursor location press the "Del" key or "Ctrl-G". Another combination is "Ctrl-Y" which deletes all the characters from the current position in a line to the end of the line. You may delete a block of text up to 99 lines by marking the blocks' top with "Ctrl-T" and the last line or bottom of the block with "Ctrl B". You then place the cursor WITHIN the marked block, on a line that contains text, and press "Ctrl-K". You will be prompted about deleting the block. Pressing 'Y' for yes completes the deletion. Pressing 'N' for no un marks the block. Pressing "Ctrl-K" outside of the marked block will copy the lines within the marked block to the 33 Word Processor Word Processor location of the cursor so be careful! See the instructions for block copy. Whenever a block has marked a notice will appear at line 22 of the screen. To un-mark a block press Ctrl-T and Ctrl-B while on the same line. Once a block is deleted it may not be recalled! With several lines typed on the screen, use the cursor controls and move the cursor to the beginning of line 2. Press "Ctrl-Y" and the line disappears! Think of letter "Y" as the "Yank it out" function. The line not only disappears but so will the space that the line used if you were at the left most position of the line. Next, press <return> to insert a blank line. Place the cursor on the blank line and Press "Ctrl-P". The previously deleted line will reappear. Think of letter "P" as the "Put it back" function. Pressing "Ctrl-P" will recall ONLY the last line deleted. Remember, pressing Ctrl-Y will delete (Yank out) all characters in a line from the position of the cursor to the end of the line and Ctrl P Puts them back!. The last deleted line is saved in a line buffer so you may recall it at the same or any other location. Move the cursor to the start of the second line and press return again. Then press "Ctrl-E or the <up arrow> key to move the cursor up one line to the new blank line. The cursor should be at the beginning of the second line and the line should be blank. Type Ctrl-P and the previously deleted line will reappear again. Without moving the cursor press Ctrl-P again. If there is enough room the buffered line will be added to the current line. If not you will get a flashing message telling you there is no room to insert the line. To continue, when there isn't room, you must press the escape <ESC> key. 34 Word Processor Word Processor Therefore, if you want to insert a line from the line buffer and there is not enough room, it will be necessary for you to press <ESC> and then move the cursor to the beginning of the line and press return to insert a new blank line. Review this paragraph and practice deleting and inserting lines using the Ctrl-Y and Ctrl-P commands. Centering Text To center text on a line simply place the cursor on the line and press the F7 function key. The text will be centered based upon the print parameters currently used by the program. See the instructions about the print parameters for details on how to change them. Formating Text Text, specifically a paragraph, may be formatted to right and left justification by placing the cursor on the paragraphs first line and then pressing function key "F8". The maximum size paragraph that may be re-formed is 99 lines or 5000 characters. Attempting to format larger a paragraph will cause a blank line to be inserted when the formatter reaches its' maximum. When formatting is completed the cursor moves to the next line beyond the end of the paragraph. If all paragraphs are separated by a single line then the cursor will be at beginning of the next paragraph and you need only press "F8" again to continue your formatting. To reformat text with only left justification press the Shift key and while holding it down press function key "F8". 35 Word Processor Word Processor Function Key Commands Each function key provides a function or command that may be used while editing or creating a document file. They are as follows: Command or Function Function Key Move cursor to the top of the file F1 Move cursor to the last page of the file F2 Find word or phrase in file F3 Find word or phrase in file F4 Change character at cursor to uppercase F5 Change character to cursor lowercase F6 Centers text on current line F7 Formats a paragraph in block format F8 Reformat paragraph with left justification Shift-F8 Saves file to diskette F9 Quit Input/Edit session F10 Read the help file Alt-F10 Finding Words or Phrases While editing you may search for a word or phrase within the document by pressing function key "F3". You will then be prompted for the word you want to search for. You may enter any word or a phrase and press return. If found the cursor is placed at the word. You may continue the search for the next occurrence of the word by pressing "F3" and the letter "Y" at the "continue search ?" prompt. If searching for a phrase, keep in mind that the search is done a single line at a time and if your search phrase is split on two lines it will not be found. Boiler Plate Disk Files A boiler plate disk file is a file that may be a standard letter, section of letter or paragraph that you may want to use over and 36 Word Processor Word Processor over by "merging" it in to your documents. You may merge a disk text file (of not more that 99 lines) into the current document you are working on. To merge/load a file while you are in the Enter Text mode press Ctrl-L. You will be prompted about reading the directory and then prompted for the name of the file you want to merge with your document. You may answer the "review directory" prompt by pressing letter "Y" and then select which drive you want to review by pressing the letter for that drive. The file will be merged at the location of the cursor. The cursor should be placed on a blank line. Insert a blank line if necessary prior to executing the Ctrl-L command. Move the cursor to a blank line and Press Ctrl-L and load the sample file named "LETTER.TXT". Remember, L stands for load. The Ctrl-L command is very useful for merging a disk text file created by the Spread Sheet or the Filer. For example, you may create a spread sheet using numbers and graphic characters for a bar chart graph and then merge it with a document, or merge data from the filer to a document. NOTE: You should not attempt to merge a data file. Copying Paragraphs/Blocks of Text There may be a time when you will want to move or copy a paragraph or block of text. You may mark a block of text, up to 99 lines maximum, by moving the cursor to the top line of the block/paragraph to be copied and then pressing Ctrl-T (T is for Top). Next move the cursor to the last line of the block you want to copy and press Ctrl B (B is for Bottom). Finally move the cursor to the location (a blank line) to which you want to copy the block/paragraph and press Ctrl-K (K is for Kopy). Try this command a few times. 37 Word Processor Word Processor If you want to delete the lines copied you may place the cursor within the marked block on a line that contains text and press Ctrl-K again. You will be prompted about deleting the marked block whenever you press Ctrl-K while within a marked block. Even so, be careful about deleting. Once it's gone it can not be recalled! You may also use the delete command, Ctrl-Y, on each line you want to delete by placing the cursor at the beginning of the line and pressing Ctrl-Y, repeating as necessary. When completed, press Ctrl-Z or function key F10 to leave the "Enter Text" mode. The menu line will then return to the bottom of the screen. Next, press letter "S" to save your document as a text file. If you do not save the file and attempt to exit the program, you will be asked whether you want it saved. You may also change the file name prior to saving. You may also save to any drive or directory desired. If you revised a previously saved file the prior file will become a backup file with the file extension .BAK and the latest file will then be saved under the current name. The .BAK backup file will be useful should you accidentally destroy your latest version. If the diskette is full or you have other problems saving the file you should insert a blank formatted diskette and try to save it again. You will be given an error message if a problem should arise. Printing Documents Always save your file before printing! With the menu prompt line on the screen press letter P. You will then be prompted whether you want to Review Print Format Parameters. Press letter "Y" and the 38 Word Processor Word Processor parameters are displayed. (Pressing letter "N" will send your document to your printer.) Make sure your printer is on and ready. If you want to change the parameters press the number of the item you want to change; ie. if you want the Top Margin to be 12 lines, press number "1" and type the number "12" followed by pressing return. Check over the print parameters. If ready to print, press letter "C" to Continue and your document will then be printed. If your document is multiple pages in length the program will automatically paginate to the next page. If you just want to change the parameters and then return to the prior prompts, then press number "9" and you'll leave the print function and the parameter menu. Imbedded Print Commands There are three commands which may be placed in text. They are for starting a new page, underlining and bold face or double strike printing. New Page Command The New Page command may be placed on any otherwise blank line in your document. The New Page Command is simply the letters {NP} in curly brackets typed on a document line. The new page command will cause a form feed command to be sent to your printer. 39 Word Processor Word Processor Underline and Bold Print Commands To underline a word or line, type the command {UL} at the place underlining is to begin followed by {UL} where underling is to stop. For example: "This will be normal {UL}and this is underlined{UL}" The command for bold print is {BP}. The same applies for bold print. You place the command at the location where bold print is to begin and end. IMPORTANT NOTE: The Underline and Bold Print commands are ONLY for use on one line. You may not mark the beginning and end of a paragraph and have it in bold or underlined. You must mark each line separately, both the start and end! Commands may not be mixed within the same line. Only one type of command per line. For example the following example IS NOT acceptable: {UL}This is underlined{UL} and {BP}this is bold{BP} Inserting Control Characters in Text You may insert control characters in text by first pressing "Ctrl-Q". You are then prompted to enter the control character. Only one control character may be entered at a time. Therefore if you want to enter more control characters you must press "Ctrl-Q" prior to each character entered. 40 Word Processor Word Processor Printing with Mail List Merge Pressing letter "M" at the main menu line will allow you to merge a mail list with the current document that is loaded in the word processor. You will be prompted for the name of the list file to be merged. The list to be merged must be a text file and it must be in the following format: Tom Jones 1234 E. 51st Street New York, NY 09111 @ Larry Smith 1234 W. 10th Street Los Angeles, CA 96666 @@ Each name and address must be separated by a single "at" "@" sign while the final name and address set must end with double "at" "@@" signs. The list may be created by the info filer data base or simply typed in using the word processor the same as if you were creating a document. Remember if you create the list using the word processor program you must save the file to diskette and then Get, load, the letter you want the list to be merged with. The diskette has a sample file named "LETTER.TXT" and a sample List file named "NAMES.TXT". For a demonstration of the merge function do the following at the Menu: 41 Word Processor Word Processor Press "G" to get a file and then press letter "R" to Revise file "LETTER.TXT". Press Letter "E" to Enter text and examine the letter. The name and address to be merged will be placed at the location of the single "at sign" {@} contained in the curly brackets. The first name or word listed in the merge file will be placed at the location of the "up caret" {^} contained in the curly brackets. The last name or last word in the first line of the merged section will be placed at the location of the double up carets {^^}. Examine the sample and and then press function key F10 to exit. Next press letter "M" for merge, and letter "N" for No at the print parameters prompt. Enter the file to be merged as "NAMES.TXT" and press return. Make sure your printer is on. Three sample letters with names and addresses merged will be printed. After printing is completed press "GR" to get and revise the "NAMES.TXT" file. Press "E" to enter and examine the format of the merged file. You will see that the first names where placed at the position of the single up caret {^} and the last name was placed where there were two up carets {^^}. The same printer commands are applicable in Merge as in the regular Print command. NOTE: If printing single sheets change "Pause Between Pages" to "Yes". Finally, if finished with the Word Processor, press "Q" at the main prompt and return to the Main Menu. See the Appendix for additional information and quick reference to commands. 42 Info Filer Info Filer INFO FILER The Info Filer is extremely easy to use. It is practically 100% menu driven. You may use the Filer as a data base to list names, addresses, comments and other information about clients, business prospects, friends, relatives or to store any other type information that may be desired. The filer is like a very sophisticated card indexing and file system that allows you to return information based upon from one to 40 criteria. You may find and list information from one of three indexes, which is very fast. You may also search for a key word anywhere within the file or by comparing numerous key words and values in from 1 to 40 different fields. Information in the file may be printed to a disk text file for use with the word processor or sent directly to the printer or seen on the video monitor. You may print all or part of any record in the file and even add a title to a report. Using The Info Filer Before getting started you need to understand the definitions of the terms used in this program. TERM DEFINITION Field The name of an individual item in a record such as "Name" or "Address". Data The input placed in the file in response to the field name.(ie Name : Kenneth... where "Name :" is the field and "Kenneth" is the data) Record A single page of information made up of 43 Info Filer Info Filer fields and data related to the fields. File A single disk file containing all the data or contents of all records. Creating The Field Names - Format Before selecting the Info Filer from The "SLIC" Works Menu it is necessary to use the Word Processor to create the format desired for field names you want to use. (a field name is the item name of the information you want to file; ie. Name:, Address: etc.) The Field Names will create an image of the screen for the Information filer. CAREFULLY READ the following instructions before creating the screen image with your field names. The space available for storage of information is a maximum of 2000 characters per record. The size of the file (or number of records in a file) is limited only by disk space available up to a maximum of 32767 records. The file may have records with up to 40 lines (or 40 fields) of information with a maximum of 50 characters per line of input. Of course, many of the fields will be shorter. For example if you have a numeric field for say a price or total it should be NOT more than 10 characters long. NOTE: The field name may be up to 25 characters long, including spaces, however the length of the input area for a field is 50 characters maximum, except for numeric fields which should not exceed 10 characters. Information may be sorted by one of three indexed fields (in order) or found and listed by comparing from one to forty fields or by any key word anywhere in the entire file. 44 Info Filer Info Filer The three indexed key fields are the FIRST THREE FIELD NAMES of each record. The indexing means that any record accessed or sorted using the index is accessed almost immediately. Finding a record by selecting a key word from other fields takes longer because each record is checked until the key word is found. Therefore, decide carefully which fields you want as the first three because you will want to use these most often for sorting and accessing records. Creating Field Names The "SLIC" Works diskette contains a sample Info Filer format file named "DBFILE.FMT" (for Data Base File . Format). Select the Word Processor from the Main Menu and press letter "R" to revise the "DBFILE.FMT" file. When the file is loaded and the Select Choice command line is present press letter "E" to Enter text. You will see, displayed on the screen, field (item) names, followed by a space, followed by a colon and a space and then a line. You MUST NOT deviate from this "Field Name, space, colon, underline" format. The colon tells the program where the field name ends. The underlining tells the program how long the space will be for entering data. If want to be able to enter data that is up to 40 characters long then YOU MUST have a continuous underline of 40 characters in length following the item name and colon! NOTE: The column count indicator at the bottom of the Word Processor screen will be helpful if you want to be precise. If you exceed 50 Underline characters the extras will not be used. 45 Info Filer Info Filer You will also see that THE FIRST THREE FIELD NAMES ARE ON THE FIRST THREE LINES and that some of the other field names have a blank line between them. IMPORTANT NOTE: The first three field names MUST begin with different characters. You MUST NOT place any blank lines between the first 3 fields. You may use blank lines after you have named the first three fields. Remember, You are limited to 40 LINES TOTAL INCLUDING BLANK LINES! However, Blank lines are a waste of data storage space and should not be used if disk space is critical. Field Names MUST NOT be longer than 25 characters INCLUDING the colon. The extra characters will be dropped and not used. Numeric fields MUST NOT exceed 11 characters and a length of 10 or 9 is recommended. Fields for numbers such as phone numbers are NOT considered numeric. The length is important for purposes of sorting numeric fields in order if they are indexed and for valid comparisons when searching for key numbers. IMPORTANT NOTE: Be sure you always use the same format when entering data to a numeric field. For example if you enter one number as 1094 and other numbers as 1,094 or as 1094.00, sorting will not be valid. If you use decimals be sure all other similar entries have decimals. The same principal is true for commas. Keep the format the same! If you want to use a dollar sign ($) place it in the field name and not as an input to a field. When changing numeric input you may modify/edit the old input or delete the line using Ctrl-Y and re-enter new information. Leading blank spaces are added to numeric input so that sorting will be accurate. 46 Info Filer Info Filer Review the sample carefully. Make sure your printer is ready and Press the "shift" and "PrtSc" to print the screen to the printer. Use the printed copy as a reminder when you create your file format. You may use the sample or modify it using the Word Processor. To use the sample you must press the F10 key to return to Select Choice Command line and Press Letter "S" to save the file. When prompted with "Save file as: DBFILE.FMT ? Y/N" you respond by pressing the letter "Y". IMPORTANT NOTE: The format file MUST located on the same diskette and directory as the data file. This will insure that the proper format file is used with the correct data file. This is extremely important if you create more that one format for different data files. After your format file (DBFILE.FMT) is created, copy it, or save it from the word processor, to a blank formatted diskette. Label that diskette as the "Info Filer Data Disk" and type of data such as "Client File". To create your own custom format press letter "G" (while you are at the Select Choice command line of the Word Processor) followed by pressing letter "C" to create a document. The name of the file you want create is "DBFILE.FMT". Enter the file name and press return. When the command line reappears press letter "E" to enter text and use the example as a guide. Refer to the MUST and MUST NOT instructions as you enter your field names. REMEMBER YOU MAY ENTER ONLY 40 LINES MAXIMUM INCLUDING BLANK LINES. If you are not yet familiar with the word processor, then review the instructions for using the word processor before creating your file. After creating your format save the file to disk and return to the Main Menu. If you followed directions the sample "DBFILE.FMT" file will be a backup file and your new file will be "DBFILE.FMT". 47 Info Filer Info Filer Attempting to run the Info Filer without the DBFILE.FMT file is an error that will cause the program to exit back to the Main Menu. The format file must be on the same drive or logged directory that the data files will be located on. For example if the data file will be kept on drive B:, on a diskette separate from The "SLIC" Works program, then the format file, "DBFILE.FMT" must also be located on the diskette in drive B:. If the data file is located in a sub directory on a hard disk drive then copy the DBFILE.FMT format file to the sub directory. Multiple Data Files You may create multiple data files with different formats by placing a separate "DBFILE.FMT" format file on separate data diskettes or within separate diskette directories. You may use the Utilities Menu to change drives or directories. Info Filer - The First Time At the Main Menu press letter "I" for the Info Filer. The screen will change and you will be prompted to indicate where (which drive) the data files (and the DBFILE.FMT file) are located. If you are using a dual floppy drive system insert a formatted diskette (with the file DBFILE.FMT on it) in drive B: and select letter "B". The diskette in the B: drive will be your data diskette. If the program is installed on a hard drive then press letter "L" for the logged drive OR if the DBFILE.FMT file is in a separate directory, use the Utility menu to change to that directory, then quit the Utilities, and press letter "L" for Logged Directory. Of course you could use any other available drive as the data drive. The sub-program will automatically change back to the starting drive/directory when you quit the Filer program. 48 Info Filer Info Filer The First Time After selecting the drive the program will load the format file and proceed to open the data files necessary for the program. If this is the first time and there are NO data files available you will be prompted with "Files missing! Create new data files Y/N ?" Press letter "Y". You will then be asked "Are you sure ? Y/N" to confirm your request. Press letter "Y" to confirm. NOTE: If you are prompted to create new files when you know that the files have already been created and you respond with Yes you will erase any prior data files available on the program diskette and data diskette. If you are not sure respond with "N" for no and check the directory of the diskettes or hard drive and find the files so you can tell the program where they (the data files) are located. You can survive the loss of index files but you may not be able to recover from the loss of the main data file. See the section on RESTORATION for more information. With the data and index files opened you will be prompted on the bottom of the screen with: Select: U(pdate records, List records, H(elp, Q(uit" Pressing: "H" will bring up the help screen. Pressing: "U" will place you in the Update mode where you may Add records, Find existing records for Editing or Deleting, or you may Restore indexes. 49 Info Filer Info Filer Pressing: "L" will take you to the List or Sort routines that allow you to print out reports to the screen, printer or disk. Disk files may be used with the Word Processors' Mail List Merge function. Pressing: "Q" will return you to The "SLIC" Works Main Menu. Press Letter "U" for (Update). You will then be prompted with:"Update: H(elp, A(dd, F(ind, Q(uit, R(estore Indexes ?" Pressing: "A" will display the field names and place the cursor at the position for the first entry. Pressing: "F" will display the field names and the Find menu for finding files by a indexed field or a key word search. Pressing: "Q" will return you to the prior menu. Pressing: "R" will restore all index files. It should be used when an index is corrupted or lost. Press Letter "A" for Add and enter the data for your first record in this file. Enter sample data for each field. The first record is used by the program for checking the type of data entered so be sure to place sample data in each field. When completed entering your data, press "Ctrl-Z" or F10. This will write the data to the diskette. When you have finished entering your first record select "A" again to add another. Enter several different records during this session so you can proceed to try the other sections of the program. 50 Info Filer Info Filer IMPORTANT NOTE: Even though data is written to disk it can still become lost if you do not exit the program and close the files. The files are closed automatically when you quit the program and return to The "SLIC" Works Main Menu. You should quit, to close the files, after entering data for 20 to 30 minutes, and then re-select the Info Filer and enter more data. This way, should you have a power failure, you will only lose 20 or 30 minutes of work time. If you enter data for 5 hours and forget to quit and close, your time will have been completely wasted because the files will be lost! REMEMBER "Quit to Close, Re-select, and then Enter more data" When completed press letter "Q" to return to the Select Choice Menu and press letter "L" for list. You will then be prompted with "Output to : P(rinter, S(creen, D(isk file ?" The choices are self explanatory. Which ever device is selected is where the output will be sent when you are ready to list your file. For this demonstration select the printer by pressing letter "P". The next menu appears prompting you whether to "List By : I(ndexed fields, K(ey word, U(nsorted". Pressing "I" will take you to the Sort menu and prompt you for which index you want to sort by. Remember the indexes are the first three fields of the record. Now you see why the first three field names must start with different characters. After selecting which index, you are prompted for a starting key word or number. You may enter a response or simply press return. You may for example enter a beginning number or word and all other records will be sorted on the key that is entered. Entering "11000" for 51 Info Filer Info Filer a numeric index will cause everything to be sorted in order of 11000 and less. Pressing "K" will take you to the Key word menu where you will be prompted to Search A(ll fields or S(pecific fields. Pressing letter "S" will cause the next screen to display the field names and their line numbers and a prompt to Enter the first field number to search: You may select any field including indexed fields. If you plan to select more than one field you must select in a numeric order (1 - 40). After you select a number you will be prompted to enter a Sign and Key Word. The Sign is not required unless you want to compare the Key word to data in a field as greater than or less than the key word. The Signs, ">" means greater than and "<" means less than and "=" means equal to, are useful when listing by numeric fields. For example you may want to find all records with a field that has a number greater > than 10000 or less < than 10000. When you have entered the last field number and key word press return to quit. Pressing: "U" will list all the records in file in the same order they are contained in the file. You will finally be prompted to "Print : S(hort, C(omplete record, or I(ndexed fields ?" 52 Info Filer Info Filer Pressing: "S" will cause the screen to show the field names and line numbers and prompt you to select the starting line/field number to print and then the ending line/field number. The report will be print all lines from the beginning to the end line/field number selected. You are then prompted whether you want the field names also printed and to enter a report title if desired. Pressing: "C" will send the complete record to the output device selected. Pressing: "I" will print only the first three indexed fields. You may abort the printing process at any time by pressing the <esc> escape key. You will also be prompted to press return after each screen is displayed if you selected to send output to the screen. If you ever sort or list records and nothing comes out then you may have made a mistake in the parameters entered or nothing in the file fits your parameters. If you use multiple fields for searching it is easy to eliminate records from qualifying since they must meet several key parameters. If you are ever in doubt, try searching on only one parameter or key word until you find a record and then compare it to the other keys you used. When completed printing, you must press return and the primary Select Choice menu will re-appear. Take time to try all the methods of listing, sorting and finding. Use the edit command to edit a record, and also try the Next and Previous commands that follow the find menu. The Next command finds the next record based upon your index selection and Previous finds the previous record found. The Next command is extremely useful when 53 Info Filer Info Filer you have records that have the same or very similar data such as more than one person named Smith! Find and List use essentially the same commands and procedures. Thus, if you use one you will know how to use the other. IMPORTANT NOTE: When completed with this session press letter "Q" while at the main Select Choice menu and return to The "SLIC" Works Main Menu. You MUST always exit the Info Filer in this way to insure that all files are properly closed. Failure to close files properly will cause the loss of data! RESTORATION If you get an error regarding the indexes while opening the files you will be notified to press return and then enter the Update mode and then to Restore the indexes. If your diskette gets corrupted during use or you loose part or all of your index files you can restore the use of the program by selecting the Restore option. Restore will read the data file and then create all new indexes. Prior to selecting Restore you should copy the data file and format file, "DBFILE.FMT", to a new blank diskette and then restore the new diskette. The index data files which have the file extension of ".NDX" should not be copied. If you plan to restore the diskette without copying then erase all the index (NDX) files first. The Main Data File has the extension ".DTA". All the data files start with "IFTSW.." so be careful about what you erase. Remember, the ONLY files you should have for restoring are "DBFILE.FMT" and "IFTSW.DTA". 54 Info Filer Info Filer If using a Hard drive you should copy the data file and format file to a new directory and then restore the corrupted files. After restoring and backup of the restored files you should erase all the corrupted files from of the disk so that you do not accidentally attempt to access bad files. When restoration is completed the program will return to the Main Main Menu. You must reselect the Info Filer program to use the new indexes. You should then use the List function to list out your files, on the screen, to be sure that proper restoration has occurred. Your disk access time will decrease (you will have faster access to files) after files have been copied and restored. Therefore it is a good idea to restore your files every so often whether they need it or not. 55 Info Filer Info Filer 56 Communications Communications COMMUNICATIONS The Communications sub program is a simple TTY terminal emulator that allows you to communicate with services such as Compuserve Easy Net, The Source and many Bulletin Board Services. The Communications function is accessed by pressing the letter 'C' at the Main Menu. Your modem must be on prior to selection or you will get a message 'Modem Disconnected' and then be returned to the Main Menu. The communications program allows you to send and receive text files and to use a phone list and auto dial feature. The list contains space for 450 names, comments and numbers. The opening screen displays the communications parameters and prompts for any changes. See next page for more detail. When displayed the terminal screen will show a function key menu at the bottom of the screen. Refer to your modem operating instructions and instructions for the service you want to connect to regarding online commands. The function key commands for the communications program are: F1 = Displays the Phone Dialer Menu. See the instructions later in this section for use of the Dialer. The Phone Dialer uses the dial command of 'ATDT'. If your modem uses another type command then you may not use the dialer. F2 = Clears the screen. 57 Communications Communications F3 = Prompts you for a file name and opens a disk log or capture file. All incoming and out going data is captured to a disk text file. The file is closed by pressing F5. After opening a file the file name is displayed at the bottom of the screen above the function key prompts. F4 = Closes an open file created by function F3. The captured file may then be read by the Read File utility or by a word processor. F5 = Sends the command 'ATH0' to hang up phone. Effective only when line carrier is not present. This is NOT a disconnect command. F7 = Displays the communications parameters menu. See below. F6 = Prompts for a text file name and then sends the file online through the modem to the connected computer. F10 = Quits the program and returns you to the Main Menu. The default communication parameters for the Communications program are 1200 baud, 7 bit word size, 1 stop bit, Even parity and using comm port one and full duplex. You may change communications parameters upon entry to the program. You will be given a menu and prompted with "Any Changes Y/N". Press letter 'Y' and you will be prompted for which item to change. Simply press the number of the item to change and enter the new parameter. The Terminal function should be compatible with all Hayes compatible modems and fully IBM-PC compatible computers. IMPORTANT NOTE: You quit the communications program by pressing function key 'F10'. 58 Communications Communications Using the Phone Dialer The Phone Dialer creates files on disk containing the names and phone numbers of Bulletin Boards, Computer services, persons or businesses you regularly call and allows you to dial those numbers by pressing a single key. You must have a Hayes compatible auto dial modem for this function to operate. The Phone Dialer function is accessed by pressing function key F1 Phone List is in a file named 'Phone.Lst'. The list contains space for 450 entries and each entry allows you to enter a name, comment and phone number. The list displays 9 names and numbers at a time. Creating and Updating Phone Lists You may Add, Change or Delete names and numbers from the list. Pressing letter 'A' or 'C' will cause a prompt to appear asking you to enter the number of the item you want to change. If you are just starting enter number '1'. You will then be prompted for the name, comment and phone number. You may cancel the change or add request by just pressing return while at the 'Change Which Item' prompt. If your phone uses the older style rotary dialer then precede the phone number with the letter 'P' (ie "P555 1234"). The letter 'P' tells the modem to use the Pulse dialing. The default is set to 'T' for Touch Tone dialing. Pressing letter 'D' causes you to be prompted for the number of the item you want to delete. Pressing '1' would delete item number one and update the diskette file. Pressing return while at the 'Delete Which Item' prompt cancels the delete request. 59 Communications Communications Selecting List Files You move through the phone list file by pressing either 'N' for the Next or 'P' the Previous list. You may also press 'J' followed by a number to jump a number of pages through the phone list. You may use the Page Up and Page Down keys to move through the file. Auto Dialing Be sure your modem is on and ready to operate. Press F1 to access the Dialer. With the Phone List on the screen simply press the number (1 to 9) preceding the name and phone number you want dialed. IMPORTANT NOTE: The Phone Dialer looks for the Phone List file on the drive and directory from where it was loaded from. If you are using a hard disk drive, then it is suggested that you place the program and its' associated files in a separate directory. If the phone list file is not found then you`ll be asked about creating a new file or entering the drive and directory of where the file is located. To exit the dialer, press 'Esc', 'Q' or return. 60 Appendix Appendix APPENDIX This appendix contains all the cursor and edit commands for the word processor, spread sheet and filer programs plus quick reference for using those programs. The Following Commands Are Used For Editing and Cursor Control in the Word Processor and Filer. Character Left = Ctrl-S or <Left Arrow> Key Character Right = Ctrl-D or <Right Arrow> Key Word Right = Ctrl-I or <Tab> Key Word Left = Ctrl-O or <Shift> <Tab> Key Line Up = Ctrl-E or <Up Arrow> Key Line Down = Ctrl-X or <Down Arrow> Key To Start of Line = Ctrl-A or <Home> Key To End Of Line = Ctrl-F or <End> Key Delete Character = Ctrl-G or <Del> Key Delete Left Character = Ctrl-H or <Backspace> Key Insert/Overwrite = Ctrl-V or <Ins> Key Next Page Forward = Ctrl-C or <Pg Dn> Key Next Page Back = Ctrl-R or <Pg Up> Key Insert Blank line = Ctrl-M or <Return> key Delete Line = Ctrl-Y Recall Delete = Ctrl-P Word Wrap ON/OFF = Ctrl-W 61 Appendix Appendix FUNCTION KEY COMMANDS (word processor) Move to top of file = F1 Key Move to end of file = F2 Key Find a word in file = F3 Key Find a word in file = F4 Key Uppercase a letter = F5 Key Lowercase a letter = F6 Key Center text on line = F7 Key Block Format paragraph = F8 Key Re-format paragraph = Shift & F8 Keys Save current file = F9 Key Quit input session = F10 Key Help screens = Alt & F10 Keys IMBEDDED PRINTER COMMANDS (word processor) Underline text = {UL} Bold Print = {BP} Start New Page = {NP} For Underline and Bold Print Place one command in your text at the place where the print command is to BEGIN and then place another where the command STOPS. For example: On this line {BP}This will be in Bold Print{BP} and this will not. On this line {UL}This will be Underlined{UL} and this will not. Block Commands A BLOCK of text such as a paragraph, may be MARKED and copied to another location. The copied BLOCK of text is not automatically deleted from its original location. If desired use the delete line command AFTER moving text. 62 Appendix Appendix Mark Top of BLOCK to be copied by placing the cursor anywhere on the Top line of the BLOCK/Paragraph and press "CTRL-T" (remember T is for Top) Next - Move the cursor to the Bottom line of the BLOCK you want copied and press "CTRL-B" (remember B is for Bottom). Finally, move the cursor to the beginning of the line where you want to move the BLOCK of text to and Press "CTRL-K" (remember K is for Kopy). Mark and Copy BLOCK Commands (word processor) Mark Top of Text Block = Ctrl-T Mark Bottom of Text Block = Ctrl-B Copy Marked Text Block = Ctrl-K (or Delete Block see note) NOTE: Ctrl-K copies if the cursor is on a blank line outside the marked block, otherwise Ctrl-K will delete the marked block. Merging Text Files to Current Document You may copy in or merge a text file from disk, at the cursor location, by using the Ctrl-L command (remember L is for Load). You will be prompted for a file name when using the Ctrl-L Command. The cursor should be on a blank line. The MAXIMUM length of a merged file is 99 lines! Attempting to merge files greater the 99 lines will cause the balance of the lines to be discarded. Mail List Merging Name and address files may be merged to a form letter by creating a disk text file where the data to merged is delimited by the "@" at 63 Appendix Appendix sign. The following is an example of the format. End the file with "@@" on the last line. Tom Jones 1234 East Main St New York, NY 00123 @ Ralph Edwards 1234 South Ave Los Angeles, CA 98654 @@ Place the following in the letter at the place you want to merge the name and address "{@}" . You may also merge the first name of the of the first line of each address by placing the following symbols in your letter "{^}". The last name will be merged at the location of double up carets "{^^}". See the example files: NAMES.TXT and LETTER.TXT. Spread Sheet Cursor and Editing Controls For the Spread Sheet: Move a line Up = Ctrl-E or <up arrow> key Move to the Left = Ctrl-S or <left arrow> key Move a line Down = Ctrl-X or <down arrow> key Move to the Right = Ctrl-D or <right arrow> key Delete Character = Ctrl-G or <Del> key Delete Left Character = Ctrl-H or <backspace> key Move to Top of sheet = Ctrl-R or <Home> Key Move one Screen Up = <Page Up> Key Move Bottom Left Corner = Ctrl-C or <End> Key Move Next Screen Down = <Page Down> Key 64 Appendix Appendix Function Keys Function Keys F5, F7 and F9 create horizontal graphic bars Function Keys F6, F8 and F10 create vertical graphic bars Cells may contain numbers, a formula, text or graphic characters. The cell type, its coordinates and contents if it is numeric or a formula are shown at the bottom left corner on the screen. Examples: A 5 Value: (A1:A4) This means that the current cell is A5 and that it contains a value resulting from formula that adds all the cells from A1 thru A4. The result is shown at the cell location. A10 Text: This means Cell A10 contains text or is empty. The actual text is shown at the cell location. A12 Value: 1000 This means that Cell A12 is a value the contains a number. The result or number is also show at the cell location. Math Operators: addition: '+' multiplication: '*' subtraction: '-' division: '/'} To raise a number to any power use the up caret, '^', ie.. (2^10) will raise the number '2' to the '10th power'. 65 Appendix Appendix Sample Formulas The character ':' (colon) is used to denote a range of cells to add, ie..(A1 : A5) means to add and total all cells A1 thru A5. The colon is also used to specify a range of cells in the CHOOSE, LOOKUP and AVG functions. (A1+(B2-C7)) (subtracts cell C7 from B2 and adds result to cell A1) ((A1:A22)/22) (the sum total of cells 'A1 thru A22' divided by 22) (A1:B5) (the sum total of cells: 'A1 thru A5 and B1 thru B5' (A1*(1.072^10)) (multiplies cell A1 by the result of 1.072 to the 10th power. This is the formula for the future value of an annual deposit, "cell A1" at 7.2% interest for 10 years.) NOTE: Nested or multiple operations MUST be contained in parentheses or your result may not be accurate! Review the above examples. Entering Data (Text, Numbers, Formulas or Graphic characters): To enter data move the cursor to the cell and type the data desired. To enter a formula in a cell begin by typing a left paren "(" followed by your formula OR Pressing the "=" equals key allows you to enter a simple formula (no nesting). NOTE: The only way to delete a formula is by pressing the <ESC> key while in the Edit Mode. An accidentally deleted cell can be recalled by pressing "Ctrl-P". When finished entering data press the <return> key. Pressing <return> also moves you to the next cell. 66 Appendix Appendix Commands and Functions The following functions are done from the "Ready Mode": Turn off or on background boxes Ctrl-G Copy cell to copy buffer Ctrl-Y Copy the copy buffer to current cell Ctrl-P Link cell to external sheet Ctrl-L Other functions are executed from the Command and Function Menu. Summary of Command and Function Menu To display the "Function Prompts" Press the "/" key then press the Letter for the function desired. For example press "/L" to load a prior work sheet file. A Adjust used memory by freeing empty cells. B Blanks (erases) current cell. C Copies cell or range of cells to new location D Delete the row or column. E Edit a cell and/or delete formulas. F Formats column, row or cell decimals or width. G Go directly to any cell desired. H Help provided on screen. I Inserts a blank row or column. L Loads a prior spread sheet from disk. M Mode switch for automatic and manual recalculation. P Prints Sheet to printer or text file. Q Quits the program. R Recalculates the spread sheet manually. S Saves spread sheet to disk data file. V Views selected disk or logged directory. U Utility for making, changing directories, erasing files and list contents of directory. Z Zaps work sheet and clears cells of all data. 67 Appendix Appendix Pressing slash "/" twice restores the screen. ERROR MESSAGES RUN TIME ERROR MESSAGES: The following Error Message numbers may be displayed as "Run-Time error # Program Aborted" These errors are Fatal and will cause the program to return to the system. However, these errors should rarely, if ever, occur during proper use. When creating new spread sheets, or documents you should occasionally save your data to disk so you will not have to repeat the same work over again in the event of a critical error system failure. 1 Floating point error 145 Variable out of range 146 Number out of range 255 Heap/Stack collision INPUT/OUTPUT ERROR MESSAGES: The following Error Message numbers may be displayed as Errors when writing to or reading from the disk. Generally, these errors will not be fatal to the program. However, certain errors may occur in the Info Filer that may cause the program to return to the system. Info Filer errors are usually caused by a corrupted index because the user did not exit the program properly thus, the files were not closed. Proper exit means to return to The "SLIC" Works Main Menu. If that does happen it may be necessary to restart the program and restore the indexes. 1 File or Path Name does not exist 2 File not open 3 File not open 4 File not open 144 Record Length mismatch 145 Attempt to read beyond end of file 68 Appendix Appendix 153 Unexpected end of file. 240 Disk error 241 Directory/Disk Full 242 File size overflow - File Full 243 To many files open 255 File disappeared Other errors may also occur but may not be defined thus only the error number will be displayed. If an undefined error does not halt the system then answer the prompt following the error message and correct your mistake, or hope the system or program corrects it's mistake, and continue. Utilities Each sub-program has a Utilities menu that allows you to do the following: 1. Change Drives or Directories 2. Delete a Directory 3. Erase a File 4. List files in a Directory 5. Make a Directory 6. Rename a File The utilities menu is called up by pressing letter "U" at any Select Choice Prompt that lists the Utility. The utility function is fully menu driven and prompts you to enter the appropriate file or directory name. When using the List Directory function you will be prompted to enter either the drive letter (ie A), or "L" for the logged directory. All files will be listed including hidden files. 69 Appendix Appendix Each time a function is completed the message "Done!" will appear on the screen. If it does not appear then you made an error. Generally if an error occurs an error message will appear. When entering directory names be sure to use the full path name for example "C:\LETTER". The purpose of these utilities are discussed in your PC or MS-DOS manual. File Size Information The file size for documents (number of lines of text) in the Letter Writer (Word Processor) is determined by the available memory of your computer up to a maximum size of 4000 lines. The maximum size of 4000 full lines could take up to 320,000 bytes of disk space. The Info Filer provides for up to 32767 records with each record size limited to a maximum size of 2000 characters with a maximum of 40 fields, all of which is limited to the available disk space. The maximum file size for the Spread Sheet is limited by available memory in the computer up to a maximum of 6,630 cells. The disk space used is dependent upon the data in each cell. A full spread sheet file could consume between 99,000 bytes to 330,000 bytes depending on the amount of text, numbers or formulas entered. 70